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The questions/Trail: The Unseen Realm

Who is Satan, and what does he do?

Satan is a real created being, a fallen angel who leads the powers of darkness in rebellion against God. Scripture calls him the tempter, the accuser, the deceiver, and a roaring lion seeking someone to devour, but it also declares that he is defeated by Christ and will be finally destroyed.

This question arose from studying How do I pray against the enemy without fearing him?.

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Not a summary of these passages: the passages themselves. Read them, then come back to the study below.

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What the Scripture says

He is a real person, not a symbol

Be sober and watchful, because your adversary the devil, like a roaring lion, walks about seeking whom he may devour. Job's account shows him coming before the Lord among the sons of God. He is a person, and he is to be taken seriously.

Be sober and self-controlled. Be watchful. Your adversary, the devil, walks around like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour.
1 Peter 5:8
Now on the day when God’s sons came to present themselves before Yahweh, Satan also came among them. Yahweh said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Then Satan answered Yahweh, and said, “From going back and forth in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.”
Job 1:6-7
You are of your father, the devil, and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and doesn’t stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks on his own; for he is a liar, and its father.
John 8:44

His work: deceive, tempt, accuse

In the garden he questioned God's word and lied about the consequence. He is the accuser of our brothers, who accuses them before our God day and night. The thief comes only to steal, kill, and destroy. His strategy is doubt, temptation, and accusation.

Now the serpent was more subtle than any animal of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, “Has God really said, ‘You shall not eat of any tree of the garden?’”
Genesis 3:1
The serpent said to the woman, “You won’t surely die, for God knows that in the day you eat it, your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.”
Genesis 3:4-5
I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, “Now the salvation, the power, and the Kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ has come; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them before our God day and night.
Revelation 12:10
The thief only comes to steal, kill, and destroy. I came that they may have life, and may have it abundantly.
John 10:10

He is powerful but limited

The Lord said to Satan, all that he has is in your hand; only do not touch him. Jesus told Peter, Satan demanded to sift you like wheat, but I prayed for you. His activity is real, but it is always within God's permission, and his end is destruction.

Yahweh said to Satan, “Behold, all that he has is in your power. Only on himself don’t stretch out your hand.” So Satan went out from the presence of Yahweh.
Job 1:12
The Lord said, “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked to have you, that he might sift you as wheat, but I prayed for you, that your faith wouldn’t fail. You, when once you have turned again, establish your brothers.”
Luke 22:31-32
even he whose coming is according to the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deception of wickedness for those who are being lost, because they didn’t receive the love of the truth, that they might be saved.
2 Thessalonians 2:9-10

He is defeated and doomed

God disarmed the rulers and authorities and made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them in the cross. Now the ruler of this world will be cast out. The devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire. He has already lost the war.

having stripped the principalities and the powers, he made a show of them openly, triumphing over them in it.
Colossians 2:15
Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out.
John 12:31
The devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet are also. They will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Revelation 20:10
Since then the children have shared in flesh and blood, he also himself in the same way partook of the same, that through death he might bring to nothing him who had the power of death, that is, the devil,
Hebrews 2:14

As you read, you may wonder…

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Verses to meditate on

Be sober and self-controlled. Be watchful. Your adversary, the devil, walks around like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour.
1 Peter 5:8
I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, “Now the salvation, the power, and the Kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ has come; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them before our God day and night.
Revelation 12:10
having stripped the principalities and the powers, he made a show of them openly, triumphing over them in it.
Colossians 2:15
You are of your father, the devil, and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and doesn’t stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks on his own; for he is a liar, and its father.
John 8:44

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